The True Cost of Starting a Business in Turkey (2026): Setup, Accounting, and Hidden Fees Explained

There is a number that circulates in the English-language content about Turkey: “You can open a company in Turkey for about $1,500.” It is technically defensible and practically misleading, in the same way “you can buy a car for the price of the down payment” is misleading.

I am a licensed Turkish CPA (SMMM) with 23 years of practice in Istanbul, and I sit with foreign founders while they build their first-year budget. The setup fee is the part everyone quotes. The part that surprises people, and occasionally derails them, is the recurring monthly cost of simply keeping a Turkish company alive and compliant. This article lays out both, with 2026 figures, so you can budget the real number rather than the headline one.

If you want the full mechanics of the registration process itself, that lives in my complete step-by-step guide to registering a company in Turkey. This article is about the money.

The Two Numbers You Actually Need

Every foreign founder should hold two numbers in their head, not one:

One-time setup cost — what it takes to get the company legally into existence and operational.
Monthly running cost — what it takes to keep it compliant, whether or not you have earned a single lira of revenue.

The second number is the one that gets underestimated. A Turkish company is never dormant in the “costs nothing” sense. From the month it is registered, it owes monthly filings, a mandatory accountant, and a set of fixed obligations.

Part 1: One-Time Setup Costs

Here is what it costs in 2026 to form a standard Limited Şirket (LLC) in Istanbul, excluding the share capital you contribute:

Item	2026 range (TL)
Notary fees (PoA, signature circular)	6,500 – 8,000
Trade Registry + Competition Authority + Gazette	14,500 – 18,500
Sworn translation of foreign documents	50,000 – 70,000
CPA / SMMM formation service	88,000 – 96,000
E-signature (e-imza) + electronic seal (mali mühür)	4,500 – 6,500
Virtual office (annual, if used)	8,000 – 20,000

Total: roughly 163,000 to 200,000 TL (about USD 3,500 to 4,300 at current rates), plus any capital you actually pay in.

A few line items deserve a comment:

Sworn translation is the sleeper cost. For a foreign founder, every apostilled document must be translated by a Turkish court-registered sworn translator. When people quote a low number, they are almost always quoting the cost for a Turkish founder who has no foreign documents to translate. For a foreign founder this single category can exceed everything else combined.

Notary fees rose 18.95% at the start of 2026. Any figure you find from 2024 or early 2025 is now low.

The electronic seal (mali mühür) is not optional. You need it for e-invoicing and digital tax filing, running around 2,500 TL.

Part 2: The Monthly Running Cost (The Number Everyone Forgets)

From the month your company is registered, here is what it owes, revenue or no revenue.

Mandatory monthly accounting (SMMM)

In Turkey, bookkeeping is not a service you can choose to skip in a lean month. Engaging a licensed CPA (SMMM) is a legal requirement under Law No. 3568. Your accountant maintains your statutory books, files your monthly VAT (KDV) and withholding tax (muhtasar) returns, and handles SGK declarations.

For a small company with modest transaction volume, 2026 monthly SMMM fees typically run the equivalent of USD 500 to 1,000 (roughly 23,000 to 46,000 TL), rising with transaction count, foreign-currency invoicing, and headcount.

The tax calendar runs whether you trade or not

Even a pre-revenue company files. The monthly and quarterly rhythm in 2026:

Monthly VAT (KDV) return — filed by the 28th of the following month.
Monthly withholding tax (muhtasar) — on salaries, rent, and professional fees you pay.
Quarterly provisional corporate tax — advance payments during the year.
Annual corporate tax return — filed by end of April for the prior year.

The corporate tax rate is 25% on net profit. Note a 2026 development: Turkey now applies a domestic minimum corporate tax, broadly a 10% floor on a separate base. A company showing low taxable profit through deductions can still face a minimum liability.

The moment you hire: payroll costs jump

The rule of thumb I give clients: budget total employer cost at roughly 1.3 to 1.4 times the employee’s gross salary. On top of gross pay, the employer owes:

SGK (social security) employer contribution — the general rate is 20.75%.
Unemployment insurance employer share.
Stamp duty on payroll at 0.759%.

For 2026 the SGK premium base runs on a floor of 33,030 TL (gross minimum wage) and a ceiling of 297,270 TL per month.

Putting It Together: Three Realistic Scenarios

Scenario A — The solo consultant / freelancer LTD. No employees, low transaction volume, invoices a handful of foreign clients. Setup around 163,000–185,000 TL, then monthly SMMM at the lower end of the USD 500–1,000 band plus a virtual office. The leanest realistic profile.

Scenario B — The e-export / e-commerce company. No employees but high transaction volume, foreign-currency inflows, e-invoicing at scale. Monthly accounting is higher because of transaction volume and FX bookkeeping.

Scenario C — The funded startup with a small team. Three to five employees from early on. The payroll block dominates everything: employer cost at 1.3–1.4× gross across the team, monthly. Here the accountant fee is a rounding error next to payroll.

The pattern across all three: setup is a one-time hill, but the monthly running cost is the mountain, and its size is driven almost entirely by whether you have employees.

The Costs That Aren’t on Any Invoice

Delay is a cost. A document file that arrives with an apostille on the wrong page adds two to three weeks and a second courier round. The fix is a correct checklist up front.

The wrong entity or wrong NACE code is a cost. Choosing a “consulting” activity code when your real business is software can quietly disqualify you from the service export deduction. I break down the entity decision in my LLC vs JSC guide for foreign founders.

Two Costs Foreign Founders Uniquely Face

Work permit capital threshold. Since 2026, the Ministry of Labor requires at least 500,000 TL of paid-in capital to grant a work permit to a foreign shareholder-director. I cover the residency-versus-ownership distinction in my guide on residence permits and company ownership.
Banking friction. Opening a corporate account as a non-resident is achievable but not frictionless, and the choice of bank affects your ongoing FX and wire costs. I compare the options in my business banking guide for foreign founders.

So What Is the Real Number?

A foreign founder should budget roughly 163,000 to 200,000 TL to set up, and then a recurring monthly cost that starts around the equivalent of USD 500–1,000 for a solo company with no employees. The headline “$1,500” figure describes a Turkish founder’s bare registration with no foreign documents, no accountant retained, and no operations. It is not your number.

Download: Turkey Business Setup & First-Year Cost Calculator

I built an Excel calculator that turns everything above into your number. You enter your sector, whether you will have employees and how many, your office type, and your expected transaction level — and it estimates your setup cost and first-year running cost, with the three scenarios above built in as reference points.

Download the Turkey Business Setup & First-Year Cost Calculator (free Excel)

It is the same model I use in a first client meeting to sanity-check a budget before anyone signs anything.

This article is general information, not legal or tax advice. Consult a licensed professional for your specific situation.